This glacier inventory is supported by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and the United Nation Environment Programme/Regional Resources Centre, Asia and The Pacific (UNEP/RRC-AP)。 1、The glacier inventory uses the remote sensing data of Landsat，reflecting the current status of glaciers in Nepal in 2000. 2、The spatial coverage of the glacier inventory: Nepal 3、Contents of the glacier inventory: glacier location, glacier code, glacier name, glacier area, glacier length, glacier thickness, glacier stocks, glacier type, glacier orientation, etc. 4、Data Projection： Grid Zone IIA Projection: Lambert conformal conic Ellipsoid: Everest (India 1956) Datum: India (India, Nepal) False easting: 2743196.40 False northing: 914398.80 Central meridian: 90°00'00"E Central parallel: 26°00'00"N Scale factor: 0.998786 Standard parallel 1: 23°09'28.17"N Standard parallel 2: 28°49'8.18"N Minimum X Value: 1920240 Maximum X Value: 2651760 Minimum Y Value: 914398 Maximum Y Value: 1188720 Grid Zone IIB Projection: Lambert conformal conic Ellipsoid: Everest (India 1956) Datum: India (India, Nepal) False easting: 2743196.40 False northing: 914398.80 Central meridian: 90°00'00"E Central parallel: 26°00'00"N Scale factor: 0.998786 Standard parallel 1: 21°30'00"N Standard parallel 2: 30°00'00"N Minimum X Value: 1823188 Maximum X Value: 2000644 Minimum Y Value: 1306643 Maximum Y Value: 1433476 For a detailed data description, please refer to the data file and report.

This glacial lake inventory receives joint support from the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and the United Nations Environment Programme/Regional Resources Centre for Asia and the Pacific (UNEP/RRC-AP), Cold and Arid Region Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CAREERI). 9. This glacial lake cataloging uses Landsat (TM and ETM), Aster and other remote sensing data. It reflects the current situation of glacial lakes with areas larger than 0.01 km2 in the Himalayas in 2004. 10. Glacial lake catalogue coverage: the Himalayan region, Pumqu (Arun), Rongxer (Tama Koshi), Poiqu (Bhote-Sun Koshi), Jilongcangbu (Trishuli), Zangbuqin (Budhigandaki), Majiacangbu (Humla Karnali) and others. 11. Glacial Lake cataloging includes glacial lake cataloging, glacial lake type, glacial lake orientation, glacial lake width, glacial lake area, glacial lake depth, glacial lake length and other attributes. 12. Data projection information： Projection: Transverse_Mercator False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Central_Meridian: 87.000000 Scale_Factor: 0.999600 Latitude_Of_Origin: 0.000000 Linear Unit: Meter (1.000000) Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_WGS_1984 Angular Unit: Degree (0.017453292519943299) Prime Meridian: Greenwich (0.000000000000000000) Datum: D_WGS_1984 Spheroid: WGS_1984 Semimajor Axis: 6378137.000000000000000000 Semiminor Axis: 6356752.314245179300000000 Inverse Flattening: 298.257223563000030000 For a detailed data description, please refer to the data file and report.

This glacial lake inventory is supported by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and the United Nations Environment Programme/Regional Resource Centre, Asia and The Pacific (UNEP/RRC-AP). 1. The glacial lake inventory incorporates topographic map data and reflects the status of glacial lakes in the region in 2000. 2. The spatial coverage of the glacial lake inventory is as follows: Pa Chu Sub-basin, Mo Chu Sub-basin, Thim Chu Sub-basin, Pho Chu Sub-basin, Mangde Chu Sub-basin, Chamkhar Chu Sub-basin, Kuri Chu Sub-basin, Dangme Chu Sub-basin, Northern Basin, etc. 3. The glacial lake inventory includes the following data fields: glacial lake code, glacial lake types, glacial lake orientation, glacial lake width, glacial lake area, glacial lake depth, glacial lake length, etc. 4. Data projection: Projection: Polyconic Ellipsoid: Everest (India 1956) Datum: Indian (India, Nepal) False easting: 2,743,196.4 False northing: 914,398.80 Central meridian: 90°0'00'' E Central parallel: 26°0'00'' N Scale factor: 0.998786 For a detailed description of the data, please refer to the data file and report.

Impact of Climate and Glacier Evolution in Southwest Monsoon Region on Resources and Sustainable Development in Lijiang-Yulong Snow Mountain Region Project is a major research program of "Environmental and Ecological Science in Western China" sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation. The person in charge is a researcher from He Yuanqing, Institute of Environment and Engineering in Cold and Arid Regions, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The project runs from January 2004 to December 2006. This project collects data: the data of Yulong Snow Mountain Glacier and Environment Observation and Research Station are compiled in word document, and the data content includes: 1. Material Balance of Baishui Glacier No.1 from September to December 2008 (Profile, Lever, Accumulation and Dissipation) 2.Changes of Baishui Glacier No.1 in Yulong Snow Mountain from 1997 to 2008 (date, end elevation, end advancing and retreating distance, south advancing and retreating distance) 3. Monthly Average Flow Statistics of Mujia Station from 1979 to 2003 (Annual Average Flow, Annual Maximum Flow, Annual Maximum Time, Annual Minimum Flow, and Annual Minimum Time) 4. Meteorological data of the test station of Yulong Snow Mountain Glacier Observation Room From 2000 to 2008, the daily average temperature (℃), daily precipitation (mm), daily average relative humidity, daily average sunshine hours, daily air pressure value and daily average wind speed of the base camp weather station. From 2006 to 2008, Ganhaizi Meteorological Station daily average temperature (℃), daily precipitation (mm), daily average relative humidity, daily average sunshine hours, daily air pressure value and daily average wind speed In 2008, the day-to-day average temperature table (℃), day-to-day precipitation (mm), day-to-day average relative humidity, day-to-day average sunshine hours, day-to-day air pressure value and day-to-day average wind speed in the Baishui No.1 glacier accumulation area of Yulong Snow Mountain. In 2008, the day-to-day average temperature table (℃), day-to-day precipitation (mm), day-to-day average relative humidity, day-to-day average sunshine hours, day-to-day air pressure, and day-to-day average wind speed at the end of glacier Baishui No.1 in Yulong Snow Mountain were recorded. Dew point temperature of Ganhaizi from 2006 to 2008 Daily average CO2 content (ppm) at Ganhaizi Meteorological Station from 2006 to 2007 Air Water Vapor Pressure (kPa) at Glacier Terminal Meteorological Station Air Water Vapor Pressure (kPa) of Meteorological Station in Glacier Accumulation Area 5. glacier ice Temperature Data of Baishui No.1, Yulong Snow Mountain Measured resistance values of ice temperature holes at measuring points 1, 2 and 3

China long-sequence surface freeze-thaw dataset——decision tree algorithm (1987-2009), is derived from the decision tree classification using passive microwave remote sensing SSM / I brightness temperature data. This data set uses the EASE-Grid projection method (equal cut cylindrical projection, standard latitude is ± 30 °), with a spatial resolution of 25.067525km, and provides daily classification results of the surface freeze-thaw state of the main part of mainland China. The data set is stored by year and consists of 23 folders, from 1987 to 2009. Each folder contains the day-to-day surface freeze-thaw classification results for the current year. It is an ASCII file with the naming rule: SSMI-frozenYYYY ***. Txt, where YYYY represents the year and *** represents the Julian date (001 ~ 365 / 366). The freeze-thaw classification result txt file can be opened and viewed directly with a text program, and can also be opened with ArcView + Spatial Analyst extension module or Arcinfo's Asciigrid command. The original frozen and thawed surface data was derived from daily passive microwave data processed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) since 1987. This data set uses EASE-Grid (equivalent area expandable earth grid) as a standard format . China's surface freeze-thaw long-term sequence data set-The decision tree algorithm (1987-2009) attributes consist of the spatial-temporal resolution, projection information, and data format of the data set. Spatio-temporal resolution: the time resolution is day by day, the spatial resolution is 25.067525km, the longitude range is 60 ° ~ 140 ° E, and the latitude is 15 ° ~ 55 ° N. Projection information: Global equal-area cylindrical EASE-Grid projection. For more information about EASE-Grid projection, see the description of this projection in data preparation. Data format: The data set consists of 23 folders from 1987 to 2009. Each folder contains the results of the day-to-day surface freeze-thaw classification of the year, and is stored as a txt file on a daily basis. File naming rules: For example, SMI-frozen1994001.txt represents the surface freeze-thaw classification results on the first day of 1994. The ASCII file of the data set is composed of a header file and a body content. The header file consists of 6 lines of description information such as the number of rows, the number of columns, the coordinates of the lower left point of the x-axis, the coordinates of the lower left point of the y-axis, the grid size, and the value of the data-less area. Array, with columns as the priority. The values ​​are integers, from 1 to 4, 1 for frozen, 2 for melting, 3 for desert, and 4 for precipitation. Because the space described by all ASCII files in this data set is nationwide, the header files of these files are unchanged. The header files are extracted as follows (where xllcenter, yllcenter and cellsize are in m): ncols 308 nrows 166 xllcorner 5778060 yllcorner 1880060 cellsize 25067.525 nodata_value 0 All ASCII files in this data set can be opened directly with a text program such as Notepad. Except for the header file, the main content is a numerical representation of the surface freeze-thaw state: 1 for frozen, 2 for melting, 3 for desert, and 4 for precipitation. If you want to display it with an icon, we recommend using ArcView + 3D or Spatial Analyst extension module to read it. During the reading process, a grid format file will be generated. The displayed grid file is the graphic representation of the ASCII code file. Reading method:  [1] Add 3D or Spatial Analyst extension module in ArcView software, and then create a new View;  [2] Activate View, click the File menu, select the Import Data Source option, the Import Data Source selection box pops up, select ASCII Raster in Select import file type: in this box, and a dialog box for selecting the source ASCII file automatically pops up Find any ASCII file in the data set and press OK;  [3] Type the name of the Grid file in the Output Grid dialog box (a meaningful file name is recommended for later viewing), and click the path where the Grid file is stored, press Ok again, and then press Yes (to select an integer) Data), Yes (call the generated grid file into the current view). The generated file can be edited according to the Grid file standard. This completes the process of displaying the ASCII file as a Grid file.  [4] During batch processing, you can use ARCINFO's ASCIIGRID command to write an AML file, and then use the Run command to complete in the Grid module: Usage: ASCIIGRID <in_ascii_file> <out_grid> {INT | FLOAT}

Ⅰ. Overview Landsat5 was launched in March 1984. The Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor on it includes seven bands, except for the 6th band with a resolution of 120 m, the other 6 bands have a resolution of 30 m. This data set was collected in 1990 and 2010. There are 77 scenes of TM data in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Ⅱ. Data processing description The product level is L1 and has been geometrically corrected. Ⅲ. Data content description The naming method is LT5 line number column number _ column number year month day, such as LT5129032_03220040816. Ⅳ. Data usage description The main applications are soil use / cover and desertification monitoring.

This dataset: Editor-in-Chief: Hou Xueyu Drawing: Hou Xueyu, Sun Shizhou, Zhang Jingwei, He Miaoguang. Wang Yifeng, Kong Dezhen, Wang Shaoqing Publishing: Map Press Issue: Xinhua Bookstore Year: 1979 Scale: 1: 4,000,000 It took five years to complete from May 1972 to July 1976. In the process of drawing legends and mapping, referring to the vast majority of vegetation survey data (including maps and texts) after 1949 in China, we held more than a dozen mapping seminars involving researchers from inside and outside the institute. During the layout after the mapping work was completed, many new survey data were added, especially vegetation data in western Tibet. The nature of this map basically belongs to the current vegetation map, including two parts of natural vegetation and agricultural vegetation. The legend of natural vegetation is arranged according to the seven vegetation groups. They are mainly divided according to the appearance of plant communities and certain ecological characteristics. The concept of agricultural vegetation community, like the natural vegetation community, also has a certain life form (appearance, structure, layer), species composition and a certain ecological location. In 1990, the State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems of the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences completed the digitization of this map, and wrote relevant data description documents. The digitized data also adopt equal product cone projection and can be converted into other projections by GIS software. This data includes a vector file in e00 format, a Chinese vegetation coding design description, a dataset description, a vegetation data layer attribute data table, and a scanned "People's Republic of China Vegetation Map-Brief Description" and other files. Data projection: Projection: Albers false_easting: 0.000000 false_northing: 0.000000 central_meridian: 110.000000 standard_parallel_1: 25.000000 standard_parallel_2: 47.000000 latitude_of_origin: 0.000000 Linear Unit: Meter (1.000000) Geographic Coordinate System: Unknown Angular Unit: Degree (0.017453292519943299) Prime Meridian: Greenwich (0.000000000000000000) Datum: D_Unknown Spheroid: Clarke_1866 Semimajor Axis: 6378206.400000000400000000 Semiminor Axis: 6356583.799999999800000000 Inverse Flattening: 294.978698213901000000

The data are a digitized permafrost map along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (1:600,000) (Boliang Tong, et al. 1983), which was compiled by Boliang Tong, shude Li, Jueying bu, and Guoqing Qiu from the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (originally called the Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cryopedology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) in 1981. The map aims to reflect the basic laws of permafrost distribution along the highway and its relationship with the main natural environmental factors. The basic data for the compilation of the map include hydrogeological and engineering geological survey results and maps along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway(1:200000) (First Hydrogeological Engineering Geological Brigade of Qinghai Province, Institute of Geomechanics of the Academy of Geological Science), the cryopedological research results of the Institute of Glaciology and Cryopedology of Chinese Academy of Sciences since 1960 in nine locations along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (West Datan, Kunlun pass basin, Qingshuihe, Fenghuohe, Tuotuohe, the Sangma Basin, Buquhe, Tumengela, and Liangdaohe) and drilling data of the Golmud-Lhasa oil pipeline and aerial topographic data of the work area. Taking the 1:200000 topographic map as the working base map, a permafrost map was compiled, which was then downscaled to a 1:600000 map to ensure the accuracy of the map. To make up for the lack of data in a larger area along the line, the characteristics and principles of the frozen soils found in the nine frozen soil research points along the highway were applied to areas with the same geologic and geographical conditions; meanwhile, aerial photographs were used as supplements to the freeze-thaw geology and frozen soil characteristics. The permafrost map along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (1:600,000) includes the annual average temperature contour map along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (1:7,200,000) and the permafrost map along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (1:600,000). The permafrost map along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway also contains information on permafrost types, lithology, frozen soil phenomena, types of through-melting zones, classification of frozen soil engineering, and geological structural fractures. These data contain only digitized permafrost information. The spatial coverage is from Daxitan on the Qinghai-Tibet Highway in the north to Sangxiong in the south and is nearly 800 kilometers long and 40-50 kilometers wide. The data set includes a vectorized and a scanned map of the permafrost map along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. The attribute information of the map is as follows. A-1; Continuous permafrost; >0°C; remained as a frozen soil layer and isolation layer A-2; Continuous permafrost; 0~-0.5°C; 0-25 m A-3; Continuous permafrost; -0.5~-1.5°C; 25-60 m A-4; Continuous permafrost; -1.5~-3.5°C; 60-120 m A-5;Continuous permafrost;<-3.5°C;>120 m B-1; Island permafrost ground; Seasonal Frozen Ground; B-2; Continuous permafrost; >0°C; remained as a frozen soil layer and isolation layer B-3; Island permafrost extent; 0~-0.5°C; 0-25 m B-4; Island permafrost extent; -0.5~-1.5°C; 25-60 m B-5; Island permafrost extent; -1.5~-3.5°C; 60-120 m

This glacial lake inventory is supported by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and the United Nation Environment Programme/Regional Resources Centre, Asia and The Pacific (UNEP/RRC-AP). 1. The glacial lake inventory uses the remote sensing data of Landsat，reflecting the current status of glacial lakes larger than 0.01 square kilometers in Nepal in 2000. 2. The spatial coverage of the glacial lake inventory： Nepal 3. Contents of the glacial lake inventory: glacial lake code, glacial lake types, glacial lake area, distance between glacial lakes and the glaciers, related glaciers, etc. 4. Data Projection: Grid Zone IIA Projection: Lambert conformal conic Ellipsoid: Everest (India 1956) Datum: India (India, Nepal) False easting: 2743196.40 False northing: 914398.80 Central meridian: 90°00'00"E Central parallel: 26°00'00"N Scale factor: 0.998786 Standard parallel 1: 23°09'28.17"N Standard parallel 2: 28°49'8.18"N Minimum X Value: 1920240 Maximum X Value: 2651760 Minimum Y Value: 914398 Maximum Y Value: 1188720 Grid Zone IIB Projection: Lambert conformal conic Ellipsoid: Everest (India 1956) Datum: India (India, Nepal) False easting: 2743196.40 False northing: 914398.80 Central meridian: 90°00'00"E Central parallel: 26°00'00"N Scale factor: 0.998786 Standard parallel 1: 21°30'00"N Standard parallel 2: 30°00'00"N Minimum X Value: 1823188 Maximum X Value: 2000644 Minimum Y Value: 1306643 Maximum Y Value: 1433476 For a detailed data description, please refer to the data file and report.

This data is digitized from the "Zhangye Land Use Status Map" of the drawing. This map is a key scientific and technological research project of the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" of the country: "Three North" Shelter Forest Remote Sensing Comprehensive Survey, and one of the series maps of Ganqingning Type Area. The information is as follows: * Chief Editor: Wang Yimou * Deputy Editors: Feng Yushun, You Xianxiang, Shen Yuancun * Editors: Wang Xian, Wang Jingquan, Qiu Mingxin, Quan Zhijie, Mou Xindai, Qu Chunning, Yao Fafen, Qian Tianjiu, Huang Autonomy, Mei Chengrui, Han Xichun, Li Yujiu, Hu Shuangxi * Responsible Editor: Huang Meihua * Manuscript: Mou Xin-shi, Cui Sai-hua, Wang Xian. He Shouhua * Compiling: He Shouhua, Wang Xian, Quan Zhijie, Cui Saihua, Long Yaping, Mu Xinshi, He Shouhua, Mao Xiaoli, Cui Saihua, Wang Changhan * Editors: Feng Yushun and Wang Yimou * Qing Hua: Feng Yushun, Zhang Jingqiu, Yang Ping * Cartography: Feng Yushun, Yao Fafen, Wang Jianhua, Zhao Yanhua, Li Weimin * Cartographic unit: compiled by Desert Research Office of Chinese Academy of Sciences * Publishing House: Xi 'an Map Publishing House * Scale: 1: 500000 * Publication time: not yet available 1. File Format and Naming Data is stored in ESRI Shapefile format, including the following layers: Zhang Ye's landuse Map, River, Road, 2. Data Fields and Attributes Type number type face desert Paddy field 12 Irrigated field 13 dryland Non-irrigated field 131 Plain non-irrigated field Valley non-irrigated field Slope non-irrigated field, 133 slope dryland 134 dryland Terrace non-irrigated field ................. Please refer to the data document for details. 3. Projection information: Angular Unit: Degree (0.017453292519943295) Prime Meridian: Greenwich (0.000000000000000000) Datum: D_Beijing_1954 Spheroid: Krasovsky_1940 Semimajor Axis: 6378245.000000000000000000 Semiminor Axis: 6356863.018773047300000000 Inverse Flattening: 298.300000000000010000

The glacial change trend in the Tarim River Basin and its impact on water resources change belong to the National Natural Science Foundation of China's Western Environment and Ecological Science major research project. The time is 2003.1-2005.12. The project submitted data: Kochikarbachi Glacier Observation Data (excel): Including precipitation, wind direction, wind speed and temperature data 1.3300a_climate (2003.6.29-2004.6.22): 4 hours data during the day, including field date, time, wind speed, wind up, temperature. 2.4200b_climate (2004.1.29-2004.5.12): 6:00, 8:00, 9:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00, 20:00, 22: 00, 23:00 observation data, including field date, time, wind speed, wind up, temperature. 3.3700_Precipitation: 13 days daily precipitation from 2003.7 to 2005.9 4.4200_Precipitation: 18-day daily precipitation between 2003.7 and 2006. 6

This data is digitized from the "Naiman Banner Desertification Types and Land Consolidation Zoning Map" of the drawing. The specific information of this map is as follows: * Editors: Zhu Zhenda and Qiu Xingmin * Editor: Feng Yushun * Re-photography and Mapping: Feng Yushun, Liu Yangxuan, Wen Zi Xiang, Yang Taiyun, Zhao Aifen, Wang Yimou, Li Weimin, Zhao Yanhua, Wang Jianhua * Field trips: Qiu Xingmin and Zhang Jixian * Cartographic unit: compiled by Desert Research Office of Chinese Academy of Sciences * Publishing House: Shanghai China Printing House * Scale: 1: 150000 * Published: May 1984 * Legend: Severe Desertification Land, Intensely Developed Desertification Land, Developing Desertification Land, Potential Desertification Land, Non-desertification Land, Fluctuating Sandy Loess Plain, Forest and Shrub, Saline-alkali Land, Mountain Land, Cultivated Land and Midian Land 2. File Format and Naming Data is stored in ESRI Shapefile format, including the following layers: Naiman banner desertification type map, rivers, roads, reservoirs, railways, zoning 3. Data Attributes Desertification Class Vegetation Background Class Desertified land and cultivated sand dunes under development. Midland in Saline-alkali Land Severely desertified land Reservoir Trees and shrubbery Mountain Strongly developing desertified land Potential desertified land Lakes Non-desertification land Undulating sand-loess plain 2. Projection information: Angular Unit: Degree (0.017453292519943295) Prime Meridian: Greenwich (0.000000000000000000) Datum: D_Beijing_1954 Spheroid: Krasovsky_1940 Semimajor Axis: 6378245.000000000000000000 Semiminor Axis: 6356863.018773047300000000 Inverse Flattening: 298.300000000000010000