This data uses soil conversion functions to take sand, silt, clay, organic matter, and bulk density as inputs to estimate soil hydrological parameters, including parameters of the Clapp and Hornberger function and van Genuchten and Mualem function, field water holding capacity, and withering coefficient. Median and coefficient of variation (CV) provide estimates. The data set is in a raster format with a resolution of 30 arc seconds, and the soil is layered vertically into 7 layers with a maximum thickness of 1.38 meters (ie 0-0.045, 0.045--0.091, 0.091--0.166, 0.166--0.289, 0.289-- 0.493, 0.493--0.829, 0.829--1.383 meters). The data is stored in NetCDF format. The data file name and its description are as follows: 1. THSCH.nc: Saturated water content of FCH 2. PSI_S.nc: Saturated capillary potential of FCH 3. LAMBDA.nc: Pore size distribution index of FCH 4. K_SCH.nc: Saturate hydraulic conductivity of FCH 5. THR.nc: Residual moisture content of FGM 6. THSGM.nc: Saturated water content of FGM 7. ALPHA.nc: The inverse of the air-entry value of FGM 8. N.nc: The shape parameter of FGM 9. L.nc: The pore-connectivity parameter of FGM 10. K_SVG.nc: Saturated hydraulic conductivity of FGM 11. TH33.nc: Water content at -33 kPa of suction pressure, or field capacity 12. TH1500.nc: Water content at -1500 kPa of suction pressure, or permanent wilting point

The source data of this data set are 1:1 million Chinese soil maps and 8,595 soil profiles from the second soil census.The data include section depth, soil thickness, sand, silt, clay, gravel, bulk density, porosity, soil structure, soil color, pH value, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, exchangeable cation amount, exchangeable hydrogen, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium ion and root amount.The dataset also provides data quality control information. The data is in raster format with a spatial resolution of 30 arc seconds.To facilitate the use of CLM model, soil data is divided into 8 layers, with the maximum depth of 2.3 meters (i.e. 0- 0.045, 0.045- 0.091, 0.091- 0.166, 0.166- 0.289, 0.289- 0.493, 0.493- 0.829, 0.829- 1.383 and 1.383- 2.296 m) Data file description： 1 Soil profile depth PDEP.nc 2 Soil layer depth "LDEP.nc LNUM.nc" 3 pH Value (H2O) PH.nc 4 Soil Organic Matter SOM.nc 5 Total N TN.nc 6 Total P TP.nc 7 Total K TK.nc 8 Alkali-hydrolysable N AN.nc 9 Available P AP.nc 10 Available K AK.nc 11 Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) CEC.nc 12 Exchangeable H+ H.nc 13 Exchangeable Al3+ AL.nc 14 Exchangeable Ca2+ CA.nc 15 Exchangeable Mg2+ MG.nc 16 Exchangeable K+ K.nc 17 Exchangeable Na+ NA.nc 18 Particle-Size Distribution Sand SA.nc Silt SI.nc Clay CL.nc 19 Rock fragment GRAV.nc 20 Bulk Density BD.nc 21 Porosity POR.nc 22 Color (water condition unclear) Hue Unh.nc Value Chroma Unc.nc 23 Dry Color Hue Dh.nc Value Chroma Dc.nc 24 Wet Color Hue Wh.nc Value Chroma Wc.nc 25 Dominant and Second Structure S1.nc SW1.nc RS.nc 26 Dominant and Second Consistency C1.nc CW1.nc RC.nc 27 Root Abundance Description R.nc

Data Overview: Zhangye's channels are divided into five levels: dry, branch, bucket, agricultural and Mao channels, of which the agricultural channels are generally unlined. Mao channels are field projects, so the three levels of dry, branch and bucket channels and a small part of agricultural channels are mainly collected. The irrigation canal system data includes 2 main canals (involving multiple irrigation districts), 157 main canals (within a single irrigation district), 782 branch canals and 5315 dou canals, with a total length of 8, 745.0km. Data acquisition process: remote sensing interpretation and GPS field measurement are adopted for data acquisition of irrigation canal system. Direct GPS acquisition channel is the most effective method, but the workload of GPS acquisition channel is too large, and we only verify the measurement in some irrigation areas. The main method is to first collect the manual maps of irrigation districts drawn by each water pipe. Most of these maps have no location, only some irrigation districts such as Daman and Shangsan have been located based on topographic maps, and some irrigation districts in Gaotai County have used GPS to locate some channels. Referring to the schematic diagram of the irrigation district, channel spatial positioning is carried out based on Quikbird, ASTER, TM remote sensing images and 1: 50000 topographic maps. For the main canal and branch canal, due to the obvious linear features on remote sensing images and the general signs on topographic maps, it can be located more accurately. For Douqu, areas with high-resolution images can be located more accurately, while other areas can only be roughly located according to fuzzy linear features of images and prompt information of irrigation district staff, with low positioning accuracy. Each water management office simultaneously provides channel attribute data, which is one-to-one corresponding to spatial data. After the first draft of the channel distribution map is completed, it is submitted twice to the personnel familiar with the channel distribution of each water pipe for correction. The first time is mainly to eliminate duplication and leak, and the second time is mainly to correct the position and perfect the attribute data. Description of data content: The fields in the attribute table include code, district and county name, irrigation area name, channel whole process, channel name, channel type, location, total length, lined, design flow, design farmland, design forest and grass, real irrigation farmland, real irrigation forest and grass, water right area, and remarks. Code example: G06G02Z15D01, where the first letter represents the county name, the 2nd and 3rd numbers represent the county (district) number, the 4th to 6th characters represent the trunk canal code, the 7th to 9th characters represent the branch canal code, and the 10th to 12th characters represent the dou canal code.

In 2007 and 2008, Landsat data set 49 scenes, covering the entire black river basin. The acquisition time is:2007-08-12, 2007-09-23, 2008-01-05, 2008-02-06, 2008-03-17, 2008-03-25, 2008-05-10, 2008-05-19, 2008-05-28, 2008-06-04, 2008-07-07, 2008-07-15, 2008-07-22, 2008-07-23, 2008-08-16, 2008-08-30,2008-09-08, 2008-09-15, 2008-09-17, 2008-10-01, 2008-10-10, 2008-10-19, 2008-10-26, 2008-11-02, 2008-11-04, 2008-11-18, 2008-11-20, 2008-11-27, 2008-12-06, 2008-12-13, 2008-12-14. The product is class L1 and has been geometrically corrected.It includes 4 scenes of TM image and 45 scenes of ETM+ image. The Landsat satellite remote sensing data set of heihe integrated remote sensing joint experiment was obtained through free download.

The Landsat TM Mosaic Image of the Heihe River Basin can be effectively applied to monitoring land-use change of the basin, which reflects the current situation of the Heihe River Basin in 2010, and provides a reliable basis for ecological planning and restoration. This mosaic image collected the TM images released by the USGS for free in 2010 (data from July to September 2010, totally 21 scenes, the maximum cloud amount is less than 10%), and the preprocessed images were geometrically registered by topographic maps(polynomial geometry correction method), then a geometrically-corrected digital mosaic map was generated, which was of high quality after a certain accuracy evaluation. The images were stored in ERDAS IMG format, and the most abundant bands 5, 4 and 3 combination, with three colors: red, green, and blue were selected to generate a color composite image. The combined composite image not only is similar to natural color, which is more in accordance with people's visual habits, but also can fully display the differences in image features because of the rich amount of information.

Terra (EOS am-1), the flagship of the EOS earth observation series, was the first satellite to be launched on December 18, 1999.ASTER is primarily used for high-resolution observations of surface radiation balance. Compared with Landsat series satellites, ASTER has improved spectral and spatial resolution, and significantly increased short-wave infrared and thermal infrared bands.ASTER has a total of 14 wavebands, including 3 visible and near-infrared wavebands, 5 short-wave infrared wavebands and 5 thermal infrared wavebands. The resolution is 15m, 30m and 90m respectively, and the scanning width is 60km, 30m and 90m respectively.Heihe river basin ASTER remote sensing image data set through the international cooperation data from NASA's web site (https://wist.echo.nasa.gov/). Data naming rules as follows: assuming that the name of the ASTER image for "ASTL1B0103190215190103290064", then ASTL1B said ASTER L1B products, 003 on behalf of the version number namely VersionID, (010319) represents the next 6 digits observation date will be March 19, 2001, followed by six digits (021519) represents the observation time (02:15:19), followed by the last six digits (010329) representing the processing date is March 29, 2001, the last four digits (0064) representing the four-digit sequence code. At present, there are 258 scents of ASTER data in heihe river basin.The acquisition time is:2000-04-25, 2000-04-27 (2 scenes), 2000-05-04, 2000-05-15 (4 scenes), 2000-05-20 (9 scenes), 2000-05-29 (3 scenes), 2000-05-31 (2 scenes), 2000-06-12, 2000-06-14 (5 scenes), 2000-06-21 (3 scenes), 2000-06-30 (8 scenes), 2000-07-18, 2000-07-23 (3 scenes), 2000-08-03 (4 scenes),2000-08-08 (9 scenes), 2000-08-17 (7 scenes), 2000-08-19 (4 scenes), 2000-08-26 (3 scenes), 2000-09-02 (4 scenes), 2000-10-02 (7 scenes), 2000-10-04 (6 scenes), 2000-10-29 (3 scenes), 2000-11-21, 2001-02-18 (2 scenes), 2001-02-25, 2001-03-11 (5 scenes), 2001-03-22 (4 scenes),2001-03-27 (4 scenes), 2001-03-29 (9 scenes), 2001-04-07 (2 scenes), 2001-04-12 (2 scenes), 2001-04-14 (6 scenes), 2001-07-10, 2001-07-12 (8 scenes), 2001-07-21 (8 scenes), 2001-08-13 (8 scenes), 2001-08-20 (7 scenes), 2001-08-22, 2001-08-27 (2 scenes), 2001-08-29,2001-09-03 (2 scenes), 2001-11-15 (7 scenes), 2002-02-01, 2002-03-30 (2 scenes), 2002-04-17 (2 scenes), 2002-05-24, 2002-06-04 (6 scenes), 2002-06-09, 2002-06-13, 2002-06-25, 2002-08-14 (3 scenes), 2002-09-29, 2002-10-19 (2 scenes), 2002-11-11 (2 scenes),2002-12-29 (4 scenes), 2003-04-18, 2003-05-24 (2 scenes), 2003-07-25, 2003-07-30, 2003-8-10 (5 scenes), 2003-08-12, 2003-08-17, 2003-09-09 (11 scenes), 2003-09-13 (4 scenes), 2003-10-15, 2003-10-18, 2003-10-29 (9 scenes), 2003-11-30, 2004-03-14, 2005-03-20,2005-06-05, 2005-08-11, 2007-10-22, 2007-11-14, 2007-11-23, 2007-12-04, 2008-01-28, 2008-02-13, 2008-05-03 (4 scenes), 2008-05-05, 2008-05-17, 2008-06-04 (2 scenes), 2008-06-13.

Landsat 5 was launched in March 1984 and has been in orbit for 16 years. The thematic mapper (TM) sensor on Landsat 5 consists of seven bands, all of which have a resolution of 30m except for band 6, which has a resolution of 120m. Currently, there are 23 TM data sets in heihe river basin.The obtained time was 1987-08-15, 1987-09-14, 1987-10-09, 1988-06-28, 1989-05-09, 1990-07-30, 1990-08-21 (2 scenes), 1990-08-28, 1990-08-30, 1990-09-15 (2 scenes), 1991-09-02, 1995-08-19, 1995-08-21, 2002-06-13,2003-09-12, 2007-09-23, 2008-03-17, 2008-07-07, 2008-07-23. The product is class L1 and has been geometrically corrected.

This set of data mainly includes the demographic data of 12 counties in 6 prefecture-level cities of Qinghai, Gansu and Inner Mongolia in Heihe River Basin, covering the time period of 2000-2009. The data source is the local statistical yearbook, which mainly includes: Statistical Bureau of Suzhou District. Statistical Yearbook of Suzhou. 2004-2009; Yumen Statistical Bureau. Yumen Statistical Yearbook. 2000-2008; Jinta County Statistical Bureau. Jinta County Statistical Yearbook. 2004-2009; Gaotai Statistical Bureau. Gaotai Statistical Yearbook. 2000-2007; Shandan County Statistical Bureau. Shandan County Statistical Yearbook. 2000-2009; Sunan Yugur Statistical Bureau. Statistical Yearbook of Sunan Yugur Autonomous County. 2004-2009; Minle County Statistical Bureau. Minle County Statistical Yearbook. 2004-2009; Shandan County Statistical Bureau. Shandan County Statistical Yearbook. 2000-2009; Linze County Statistical Bureau. Linze County Statistical Yearbook. 2000-2009; Ejin Banner Statistical Bureau. Ejin Banner Statistical Yearbook. 1990-2005; Qilian County Statistical Bureau. Qilian County National Economic Statistics. 2004-2009; Part of the data of Zhangye City comes from the basic social and economic situation of townships of Zhangye City in 2005. Data of Jiayuguan City is derived from the CNKI statistical data database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and only contains some county-level data. Data Content Description: The data mainly includes three population indicators of 12 counties in the basin, including Ganzhou District, Gaotai County, Shandan County, Minle County, Linze County, Sunan Yugur Autonomous County, Jinta County, Sunzhou District and Yumen City, Jiayuguan City, Qilian County, and Ejin Banner. The population indicators are permanent population, agricultural population and non-agricultural population at the end of the year. It is divided into two levels: county level and township level. The statistics currently available are: County level: Ejina Banner: 2006-2009: resident population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of each year Ganzhou District: 2009: agricultural population, non-agricultural population of the year; Gaotai County: 2009: agricultural population, non-agricultural population of the year; Sunan: 2000-2009: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of each year; Minle County: 2009: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Linze: 2009: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Yumen City: 2000-2005: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of each year; Township level: Ejin Banner: 2000-2005: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Ganzhou District: 2000-2008: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; 2009: resident population at the end of the year; Gaotai County: 2000-2004, 2006, 2007: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; 2009: resident population at the end of the year; Shandan County: 2000-2007: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; 2009: resident population at the end of the year; Minle County: 2000-2008: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Jinta County: 2004-2009: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Yumen City: 2006-2008: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Suzhou District 2004-2009: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Qilian County: 2004-2009: permanent population, agricultural population, non-agricultural population at the end of the year; Permanent population at the end of the year, agricultural population, non-agricultural population County level township level county level township level county level township level Ejin Banner:2006-2009 2000-2005 2006-2009 2000-2005 2006-2009 2000-2005 Ganzhou District 2000-2009 2009 2000-2008 2009 2000-2008 Gaotai County 2000-2004、 2006、2007、2009 2009 2000-2004、 2006、2007 2009 2000-2004、 2006、2007 Shandan County 2000-2007、2009 2000-2007 2000-2007 Sunan County 2000-2009 2000-2009 2000-2009 Minle County 2009 2000-2008 2009 2000-2008 2009 2000-2008 Linze County 2009 2009 2009 Jinta County 2004-2009 2004-2009 2004-2009 Sunzhou District 2004-2009 2004-2009 2004-2009 Qilian County 2004-2009 2004-2009 2004-2009 Yumen City 2000-2005 2006-2008 2000-2005 2006-2008 2000-2005 2006-2008

ASAR (Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a Synthetic Aperture Radar sensor mounted on ENVISAT satellite. It operates in c-band with a wavelength of 5.6 cm and features multi-polarization, variable observation Angle and wide-range imaging. Heihe river basin of ENVISAT ASAR remote sensing data sets mainly through central Europe "dragon plan" project, the data to the Image mode, cross polarization (Alternating Polarisation) model with wide is given priority to, the spatial resolution of 30 meters. ENVISAT ASAR data 404 scenes are currently available in heihe river basin, including 82 scenes in APP mode, 7 scenes in IMP mode and 315 scenes in WSM mode. The acquisition time is: APP can choose the polarization mode, the time range is from 2007-08-15 to 2007-12-23, 2008-01-02 to 2008-12-20, 2009-02-15 to 2009-09-06; IMP imaging mode, time range from 2009-06-19 to 2009-07-12; WSM wide format, time range from 2005-12-05 to 2005-12-31,2006-01-06 to 2006-12-31, 2007-01-01 to 2007-12-30, 2008-01-01 to 2008-12-28, 2009-03-13 to 2009-05-22. Product level is L1B, without geometric correction, is amplitude data.

The geomorphic data of Heihe River are from the geomorphic Atlas of the people's Republic of China (1:1 million). This data is based on remote sensing image and other multi-source data integration and update. The main data used and referenced include: 1) remote sensing image data: TM and 2000's around 1990's nationwide About ETM image; 2) historical geomorphic map: 15 published 1 million geomorphic maps, two sets of 1:4 million geomorphic maps in China, 500000 or 1 million geomorphic sketches in all provinces and cities in China; 3) basic geographic data: 1:250000 basic geographic data and 250000 DEM data in China; 4) geological data: 1:500000 geological map in China; 5) relevant thematic maps: land use map, vegetation map and land resource map And so on. The interpretation method adopts the human-computer interaction method based on ArcGIS, and is carried out according to the interpretation sequence of hierarchical classification: the first layer: plain and mountain; the second layer: basic geomorphic types (28); the third layer: 10 genetic types; the fourth layer: secondary genetic types; the fifth layer: morphological difference classification types; the sixth layer: secondary morphological difference classification types; the seventh layer: slope, slope The eighth layer is the type of geomorphic material determined by material composition or lithology; the ninth layer is the combination of 1-7 layers of map spots. There are 441 geomorphic types and codes. Data fields include: fenfu (view frame number), name (attribute), class (code), sname (administrative division).

The data is the Shule River Basin land cover dataset, which is derived from "China's 1: 100,000 Land Use Data Set" in 2000. It is based on Landsat MSS, TM and ETM remote sensing data within three years by satellite remote sensing. This data adopts a hierarchical land cover classification system, which divides the country into 6 first-class categories (cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, urban and rural areas, industrial and mining areas, residential land and unused land) and 31 second-class categories. The attribute fields include: Area, Perimeter, Code(Land code), Name (land type).

The data set is the HWSD soil texture dataset of the Shulehe River Basin. The data comes from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) constructed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Vienna International Institute for Applied Systems (IIASA). Version 1.1 was released on March 26, 2009. The data resolution is 1km. The soil classification system used is mainly FAO-90. The main fields of the soil attribute table include: SU_SYM90 (soil name in FAO90 soil classification system) SU_SYM85 (FAO85 classification) T_TEXTURE (top soil texture) DRAINAGE (19.5); ROOTS: String (depth classification of obstacles to the bottom of the soil); SWR: String (soil moisture characteristics); ADD_PROP: Real (a specific soil type related to agricultural use in the soil unit); T_GRAVEL: Real (gravel volume percentage); T_SAND: Real (sand content); T_SILT: Real (silt content); T_CLAY: Real (clay content); T_USDA_TEX: Real (USDA soil texture classification); T_REF_BULK: Real (soil bulk density); T_OC: Real (organic carbon content); T_PH_H2O: Real (pH) T_CEC_CLAY: Real (cation exchange capacity of cohesive layer soil); T_CEC_SOIL: Real (cation exchange capacity of soil) T_BS: Real (basic saturation); T_TEB: Real (exchangeable base); T_CACO3: Real (carbonate or lime content) T_CASO4: Real (sulfate content); T_ESP: Real (exchangeable sodium salt); T_ECE: Real (conductivity). The attribute field beginning with T_ indicates the upper soil attribute (0-30cm), and the attribute field beginning with S_ indicates the lower soil attribute (30-100cm) (FAO 2009). The data can provide model input parameters for modelers of the Earth system, and the agricultural perspective can be used to study eco-agricultural zoning, food security, and climate change.